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Metrologiya va standartlashtirish
1691
2023
O'zbek (lot)
246
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- Annotatsiya
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- Fikr va mulohazalar
Kirish .................................................................................................. 3
I BOB. METROLOGIYA BO’YICHA UMUMIY MA’LUMOTLAR…….........................8
1.1. “Metrologiya va standartlashtirish” fanining maqsad va vazifalari....... .. 8
1.2. “Metrologiya va standartlashtirish” fanining qisqacha rivojlanish tarixi................... 10
1.3. “Metrologiyato‘g‘risida”gi O'zbekiston Respublikasi qonuni. Nazorat savollari.......... 17
2- BOB. METROLOGIK TA’MINOT VA METROLOGIK XIZMAT…...........................................19
2.1 Ishlab chiqarish va uning tarmoqlarida metrologik ta'minot va metrologik xizmat.
Metrologik ta'minotning asosiy maqsadi va vazifalari . ..................................................19
2.2 Metrologik ta’minotning ilmiy-texnikaviy, tashkiliy-huquqiy asoslari.......................... 20
2.3 Metrologiya va standartlashtirish bo‘yicha xalqaro tashkilotlar.................................. 20
2.4 Metrologiya bo‘yicha asosiy atamalar va tushunchalar............................................. 25
2.5 Metrologiyaning aksiomalari va postulatlari.......................................................... 28
Nazorat savollari..................................................................................................... 31
3- BOB. KATTALIKLAR............................................................................................. 32
3.1 Kattaliklar va ulaming turlari.............................................................................. 32
3.2 Kattaliklaming sifat va miqdoriy xarakteristikalari................................................. 33
3.3 Kattalikning o‘lchamliligi.................................................................................... 35
3.4 Kattalik shkalasi, reperli (tayanch) nuqtalari........................................................ 39
3.5 Xalqaro birliklar tizimi, uning asosiy va hosilaviy birliklari...................................... 42
3.6 Etalonlar. Etalonlaming metrologik, qonuniy tabaqalanishi..................................... 54
Nazorat savollari................................................................................................... 65
4- BOB. 0’LCHASH TURLARIVA USULLARI ......................................................... 66
4.1 O‘lchash haqida tushuncha, o‘lchash jarayoni,
uning stmkturasi va elementlari............................................................................. 66
4.2 O‘lchash turlari.............................................................................................. 67
4.3 O‘lchash usullari............................................................................................ 72
Nazorat savollari................................................................................................. 78
5- BOB. 0’LCHASH VOSITALARI VA ULARNING
METROLOGIK XARAKTERISTIKALARI..................................................................... 79
5.1 O‘lchash vositalari va ulaming klassifikatsiyasi.................................................. 79
5.1.1 O‘lchovlar, ulaming turlari........................................................................... 80
5.1.2 O‘lchash o‘zgartkichlari............................................................................... 81
5.1.3 O‘lchash asboblari..................................................................................... 82
5.1.4 O‘lchash qurilmalari va tizimlari.................................................................. 93
5.2 O‘lchash vositalarining metrologik xarakteristikalari......................................... 94
5.3 O‘lchash vositalarining aniqlik klasslari va ularni me’yorlanishi........................ 103
Nazorat savollari............................................................................................. 109
6- BOB. 0’LCHASH XATOLIKLARIVA ULARNI BAHOLASH....................................... 111
6.1 O‘lchashlaming sifat mezonlari................................................................... 111
6.2 O‘lchash xatoliklari va ulaming klassifikatsiyasi............................................. 111
6.3 Muntazam xatoliklar va ularning turlari........................................................ 116
6.4 Muntazam xatoliklarni kamaytirish usullari................................................... 119
6.5 Tasodifiy xatoliklar va ularni taqsimlanishi.................................................... 128
6.6 O'chash natijalarini qayta ishlash............................................................... 129
6.6.1 Bilvosita oTchash natijalarini qayta ishlash................................................ 132
6.7 O'chashlar noaniqligi to‘g‘risida tushuncha................................................... 139
6.8 O'chashlar noaniqligi bo‘yicha atamalar va ta'iflar......................................... 140
6.9 O'chashlar noaniqligini baholash................................................................ 142
Nazorat savollari........................................................................................... 143
7- BOB. STANDARTLASHTIRISH...................................................................... 144
7.1 Standartlashtirish haqida......................................................................... 144
7.2 Standartlashtirishning maqsadi va vazifalari..................................... 144
7.3 Standartlashtirish to‘g‘risida” gi 0‘zbekiston Respublikasi qonuni......... 146
7.4 Standartlashtirish bo‘yicha asosiy atamalar va tushunchalar............... 147
7.5 0‘zbekistonda standartlashtirishning rivojlanish sanalari.................... 149
7.6 0‘zbekiston Respublikasida “Standartlashtirish xizmati”...................... 151
7.7 Standartlashtirish va metrologiya bo‘yicha davlat nazorati.................. 152
7.8 “Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish” agentligi to‘g‘risida.......................... 154
Nazorat savollari.................................................................................... 159
8- BOB. STANDARTLASHTIRISH DAVLAT TIZIMI......................................... 161
8.1 Standartlashtirish davlat tizimi........................................................... 161
8.2 Standartlaming turlari va toifalari....................................................... 162
8.3 Standartlarni ishlab chiqish, tasdiqlash va tadbiq etish tartib qoidalari................ 166
8.3.1 Standart loyihasini ishlab chiqish (birinchi taxriri)
va uni fikr-mulohazalar olish uchun yuborish....................................................... 167
8.3.2 Fikr-mulohazalar ustida ishlash, standart loyihasini ishlab chiqish
(oxirgi taxriri), kelishish va uni tasdiqlashga taqdim etish..................................... 167
8.3.3 Standartlarni tasdiqlash va davlat ro‘yxatidan o‘tkazish................................ 169
8.4. Mahsulot sifati haqidagi maTumotlami shtrix kodlash..................................... 172
Nazorat savollari............................................................................................. 181
9- BOB. TEXNIK JIHATDAN TARTIBGA SOLISH TIZIMI.......................................... 182
9.1. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi
“Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish to‘g‘risida” gi qonuni........................................... 182
9.2. Texnik jihatdan tartibga solish davlat tizimi................................................ 183
9.3. Texnik reglamentlar. Texnik reglamentlarning turlari................................... 186
9.4. Texnik reglamentlami ishlab chiqish tartibi................................................ 187
9.5. Texnik reglamentlami qabul qilish tartibi................................................... 188
Nazorat savollari......................................................................................... 188
10- BOB. SERTIFIKATLASHTIRISH................................................................ 189
10.1. O‘zbekiston Respublikasining “Mahsulot va xizmatlami
sertifikatlashtirish to‘g‘risida” gi qonuni.......................................................... 189
10.2. Sertifikatlashtirish faoliyatiga doir umumiy talablar................................. 192
10.3. Majburiy va ixtiyoriy sertifikatlashtirish................................................. 192
10.4. Sertifikatlashtirish to‘g‘risidagi qonun hujjatlarini buzganlik uchun javobgarlik....... 195
Nazorat savollari........................................................................................ 196
11- BOB. MAHSULOT SIFATIVA SIFAT BOSHQARUVI....................................... 197
11.1. Ekspert-auditorlar, ularga qo‘yiladigan talablar....................................... 197
11.2. Mahsulot sifati va sifatni boshqarish..................................................... 198
11.3. Mahsulot va uning sifati haqida umumiy maTumotlar.............................. 202
11.4. Mahsulot sifatining ko‘rsatkichi........................................................... 204
11.5. ISO 9000 seriyali stantartlar turkumi................................................... 207
11.6. ISO 9000 seriyali standartlarining paydo boTishi va yaratilish tarixi.......... 209
11.7. ISO 9000 seriyali standartlarning qisqacha tavsifi................................. 213
Nazorat savollari...................................................................................... 214
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar.......................................................................... 215
Glossariy................................................................................................. 217
Qisqartirilgan so’zlar................................................................................. 229
Ilovalar ................................................................................................ 231
